数值类型
1、
整数类型
整数类型:TINYINT SMALLINT MEDIUMINT INT BIGINT
作用:存储年龄,等级,id,各种号码等
======================================== tinyint[(m)] [unsigned] [zerofill] 小整数,数据类型用于保存一些范围的整数数值范围: 有符号: -128 ~ 127 无符号: 0 ~ 255 PS: MySQL中无布尔值,使用tinyint(1)构造。======================================== int[(m)][unsigned][zerofill] 整数,数据类型用于保存一些范围的整数数值范围: 有符号: -2147483648 ~ 2147483647 无符号: 0 ~ 4294967295======================================== bigint[(m)][unsigned][zerofill] 大整数,数据类型用于保存一些范围的整数数值范围: 有符号: -9223372036854775808 ~ 9223372036854775807 无符号: 0 ~ 18446744073709551615
验证
=========有符号和无符号tinyint==========#tinyint默认为有符号MariaDB [db1]> create table t1(x tinyint); #默认为有符号,即数字前有正负号MariaDB [db1]> desc t1;MariaDB [db1]> insert into t1 values -> (-129), -> (-128), -> (127), -> (128);MariaDB [db1]> select * from t1;+------+| x |+------+| -128 | #-129存成了-128| -128 | #有符号,最小值为-128| 127 | #有符号,最大值127| 127 | #128存成了127+------+#设置无符号tinyintMariaDB [db1]> create table t2(x tinyint unsigned);MariaDB [db1]> insert into t2 values -> (-1), -> (0), -> (255), -> (256);MariaDB [db1]> select * from t2;+------+| x |+------+| 0 | -1存成了0| 0 | #无符号,最小值为0| 255 | #无符号,最大值为255| 255 | #256存成了255+------+============有符号和无符号int=============#int默认为有符号MariaDB [db1]> create table t3(x int); #默认为有符号整数MariaDB [db1]> insert into t3 values -> (-2147483649), -> (-2147483648), -> (2147483647), -> (2147483648);MariaDB [db1]> select * from t3;+-------------+| x |+-------------+| -2147483648 | #-2147483649存成了-2147483648| -2147483648 | #有符号,最小值为-2147483648| 2147483647 | #有符号,最大值为2147483647| 2147483647 | #2147483648存成了2147483647+-------------+#设置无符号intMariaDB [db1]> create table t4(x int unsigned);MariaDB [db1]> insert into t4 values -> (-1), -> (0), -> (4294967295), -> (4294967296);MariaDB [db1]> select * from t4;+------------+| x |+------------+| 0 | #-1存成了0| 0 | #无符号,最小值为0| 4294967295 | #无符号,最大值为4294967295| 4294967295 | #4294967296存成了4294967295+------------+==============有符号和无符号bigint=============MariaDB [db1]> create table t6(x bigint);MariaDB [db1]> insert into t5 values -> (-9223372036854775809), -> (-9223372036854775808), -> (9223372036854775807), -> (9223372036854775808);MariaDB [db1]> select * from t5;+----------------------+| x |+----------------------+| -9223372036854775808 || -9223372036854775808 || 9223372036854775807 || 9223372036854775807 |+----------------------+MariaDB [db1]> create table t6(x bigint unsigned);MariaDB [db1]> insert into t6 values -> (-1), -> (0), -> (18446744073709551615), -> (18446744073709551616);MariaDB [db1]> select * from t6;+----------------------+| x |+----------------------+| 0 || 0 || 18446744073709551615 || 18446744073709551615 |+----------------------+======用zerofill测试整数类型的显示宽度=============MariaDB [db1]> create table t7(x int(3) zerofill);MariaDB [db1]> insert into t7 values -> (1), -> (11), -> (111), -> (1111);MariaDB [db1]> select * from t7;+------+| x |+------+| 001 || 011 || 111 || 1111 | #超过宽度限制仍然可以存+------+
注意:为该类型指定宽度时,仅仅只是指定查询结果的显示宽度,与存储范围无关,存储范围如下
其实我们完全没必要为整数类型指定显示宽度,使用默认的就可以了
默认的显示宽度,都是在最大值的基础上加1
int的存储宽度是4个Bytes,即32个bit,即2**32
无符号最大值为:4294967296-1
有符号最大值:2147483648-1
有符号和无符号的最大数字需要的显示宽度均为10,而针对有符号的最小值则需要11位才能显示完全,所以int类型默认的显示宽度为11是非常合理的
最后:整形类型,其实没有必要指定显示宽度,使用默认的就ok
2、浮点型
定点数类型 DEC等同于DECIMAL
浮点类型:FLOAT DOUBLE
作用:存储薪资、身高、体重、体质参数等
======================================#FLOAT[(M,D)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]定义: 单精度浮点数(非准确小数值),m是数字总个数,d是小数点后个数。m最大值为255,d最大值为30有符号: -3.402823466E+38 to -1.175494351E-38, 1.175494351E-38 to 3.402823466E+38无符号: 1.175494351E-38 to 3.402823466E+38精确度: **** 随着小数的增多,精度变得不准确 ****======================================#DOUBLE[(M,D)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]定义: 双精度浮点数(非准确小数值),m是数字总个数,d是小数点后个数。m最大值为255,d最大值为30有符号: -1.7976931348623157E+308 to -2.2250738585072014E-308 2.2250738585072014E-308 to 1.7976931348623157E+308无符号: 2.2250738585072014E-308 to 1.7976931348623157E+308精确度: ****随着小数的增多,精度比float要高,但也会变得不准确 ****======================================decimal[(m[,d])] [unsigned] [zerofill]定义: 准确的小数值,m是数字总个数(负号不算),d是小数点后个数。 m最大值为65,d最大值为30。精确度: **** 随着小数的增多,精度始终准确 **** 对于精确数值计算时需要用此类型 decaimal能够存储精确值的原因在于其内部按照字符串存储。
验证
mysql> create table t1(x float(256,31));ERROR 1425 (42000): Too big scale 31 specified for column 'x'. Maximum is 30.mysql> create table t1(x float(256,30));ERROR 1439 (42000): Display width out of range for column 'x' (max = 255)mysql> create table t1(x float(255,30)); #建表成功Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)mysql> create table t2(x double(255,30)); #建表成功Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)mysql> create table t3(x decimal(66,31));ERROR 1425 (42000): Too big scale 31 specified for column 'x'. Maximum is 30.mysql> create table t3(x decimal(66,30));ERROR 1426 (42000): Too-big precision 66 specified for 'x'. Maximum is 65.mysql> create table t3(x decimal(65,30)); #建表成功Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)mysql> show tables;+---------------+| Tables_in_db1 |+---------------+| t1 || t2 || t3 |+---------------+rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> insert into t1 values(1.1111111111111111111111111111111); #小数点后31个1Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)mysql> insert into t2 values(1.1111111111111111111111111111111);Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> insert into t3 values(1.1111111111111111111111111111111);Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)mysql> select * from t1; #随着小数的增多,精度开始不准确+----------------------------------+| x |+----------------------------------+| 1.111111164093017600000000000000 |+----------------------------------+row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from t2; #精度比float要准确点,但随着小数的增多,同样变得不准确+----------------------------------+| x |+----------------------------------+| 1.111111111111111200000000000000 |+----------------------------------+row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from t3; #精度始终准确,d为30,于是只留了30位小数+----------------------------------+| x |+----------------------------------+| 1.111111111111111111111111111111 |+----------------------------------+row in set (0.00 sec)